Hello again,
an update to the above issue. The error was due to a faulty compiler used.
I updated Xcode to version 5.1 (this might not have helped solving the issue, but I mention it for completeness). Then I had to recompile MPICH3.0 with the "real" gcc (version 4.8) from macports. Apple Xcode's gcc is a llvm one, and does apparently not work for Petsc 3.5. (Mathieu recommended to compile the current version of Petsc while I’m at it). After compiling MPICH, I reconfigured Petsc without fblaslapack, as suggested by the Petsc maintainers, but no other tweaks had to be applied as Petsc's make was then using the mpicc/mpicxx from MPICH, which ran as a charm.
During Petsc make install I had to reset $PETSC_DIR to $ISSM_DIR/externalpackages/petsc/src, as it was set to $ISSM_DIR/externalpackages/petsc/install during an earlier sourcing of etc/environment.sh which lead to an error.
ISSM itself then compiled only with Apple's own cc/gcc. I might come back to that later.
Best,
Johannes